Mostly seen in children; affects both hemispheres & presents with a pause, blank stare, lapse of awareness. Person seems momentarily "absent", may chew or blink repeatedly. Severe cases include multiple seizures a day lasting 30s.

a. Having a rapid onset and following a short but severe course: an acute disease. b. Afflicted by a disease exhibiting a rapid onset followed by a short, severe course: acute patients.

refers to a hospital admission for in-patient testing, change of medication, pre-surgical or surgery. Most patients are admitted to a hospital based on their doctor's orders. They may also be admitted to the hospital through the Emergency Department if patient arrives via ambulance or is taken by car.

Advance directives are legal documents that provide instructions for medical care and only go into effect if you cannot communicate your own wishes. The two most common advance directives for health care are the living will and the durable power of attorney for health care. Living will: A living will is a legal document that tells doctors how you want to be treated if you cannot make your own decisions about emergency treatment. In a living will, you can say which common medical treatments or care you would want, which ones you would want to avoid, and under which conditions each of your choices applies. Learn more about preparing a living will. Durable power of attorney for health care: A durable power of attorney for health care is a legal document that names your health care proxy, a person who can make health care decisions for you if you are unable to communicate these yourself. Your proxy, also known as a representative, surrogate, or agent, should be familiar with your values and wishes. A proxy can be chosen in addition to or instead of a living will. Having a health care proxy helps you plan for situations that cannot be foreseen, such as a serious car accident, stroke, medically induced comas, head trauma, etc.

Alzheimer’s disease is the mostly commonly diagnosed form of dementia in older adults.

The abbreviation AMA stands for "Against Medical Advice," which refers to a situation where a patient chooses to leave a healthcare facility or refuse treatment contrary to the advice of their medical provider. This term is commonly utilized in clinical settings and medical documentation to indicate that a patient has opted to discontinue care despite being informed of the potential risks involved.

An ambulance is a vehicle equipped for taking sick or injured people to and from hospital, especially in emergencies. There are several types of ambulance, all with special equipment, based on their needs. Ambulance officers are trained as first responders and know how to stabilize someone who is ill or injured and get them to hospital urgently.

relating to the scientific study and representation of the physical body and how its parts are arranged. All medical students are required to do an anatomical dissection of a human body.

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an arrangement for a meeting : engagement

an impairment in a person’s ability to comprehend or formulate language because of damage to specific brain regions.[2] The major causes are stroke and head trauma; prevalence is hard to determine, but aphasia due to stroke is estimated to be 0.1–0.4% in developed countries.[3] Aphasia can also be the result of brain tumors, epilepsy, autoimmune neurological diseases, brain infections, or neurodegenerative diseases (such as dementias). To be diagnosed with aphasia, a person's language must be significantly impaired in one or more of the four aspects of communication. In the case of progressive aphasia, a noticeable decline in language abilities over a short period of time is required. The four aspects of communication include spoken language production, spoken language comprehension, written language production, and written language comprehension. Impairments in any of these aspects can impact functional communication. The difficulties of people with aphasia can range from occasional trouble finding words, to losing the ability to speak, read, or write; intelligence, however, is unaffected. Expressive language and receptive language can both be affected as well. Aphasia also affects visual language such as sign language. In contrast, the use of formulaic expressions in everyday communication is often preserved. For example, while a person with aphasia, particularly expressive aphasia (Broca's aphasia), may not be able to ask a loved one when their birthday is, they may still be able to sing "Happy Birthday". One prevalent deficit in all aphasias is anomia, which is a difficulty in finding the correct word. With aphasia, one or more modes of communication in the brain have been damaged and are therefore functioning incorrectly. Aphasia is not caused by damage to the brain resulting in motor or sensory deficits, thus producing abnormal speech — that is, aphasia is not related to the mechanics of speech, but rather the individual's language cognition. However, it is possible for a person to have both problems, e.g. in the case of a hemorrhage damaging a large area of the brain. An individual's language abilities incorporate the socially shared set of rules, as well as the thought processes that go behind communication (as it affects both verbal and nonverbal language). Aphasia is not a result of other peripheral motor or sensory difficulty, such as paralysis affecting the speech muscles, or a general hearing impairment. Neurodevelopmental forms of auditory processing disorder (APD) are differentiable from aphasia in that aphasia is by definition caused by acquired brain injury, but acquired epileptic aphasia has been viewed as a form of APD. Also includes transient aphasia as a prodromal or episodic symptom. However, the repeated seizure activity within language regions may also lead to chronic, and progressive aphasia. Aphasia is also listed as a rare side-effect of the fentanyl patch, an opioid used to control chronic pain

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an inability to coordinate voluntary muscular movements that is symptomatic of some central nervous system disorders and injuries and not due to muscle weakness

also known as drop seizures, are characterized by a sudden loss of muscle tone, which can cause the person to drop to the ground or fall if standing. These seizures can affect part or all of the body, leading to symptoms such as drooping eyelids or a nodding head. Atonic seizures are typically brief, lasting less than 15 seconds, and can be caused by various factors, including temporary alterations in brain function.

Ativan is the brand name for the medication Lorazepam. It is a medication belonging to the benzodiazepine class, primarily used to treat anxiety disorders and provide short-term relief from anxiety symptoms. It works by enhancing the activity of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, producing a calming effect. Additionally, lorazepam is effective for managing insomnia, panic attacks, and can be used in the treatment and prevention of alcohol withdrawal symptoms. However, it is important to note that lorazepam is a controlled substance and may lead to dependence or misuse, so it should be used under medical supervision. It is often used by doctors in the hospital to stop a seizure.

Neural systems that regulate attention serve to attenuate awareness among complex animals whose central and peripheral nervous systems provide more information than cognitive areas of the brain can assimilate. Within an attenuated system of awareness, a mind might be aware of much more than is being contemplated in a focused extended consciousness.

Automatism is a set of brief unconscious or automatic behaviors, typically at least several seconds or minutes, while the subject is unaware of actions. This type of automatic behavior often occurs in certain types of epilepsy, such as complex partial seizures in those with temporal lobe epilepsy or as a side effect of particular medications such as zolpidem. Automatic behaviors involve the spontaneous production of purposeless verbal or motor behavior without conscious self-control or self-censorship. This condition can be observed in a variety of contexts, including schizophrenia, dissociative fugue, Tourette syndrome, epilepsy (in complex partial seizures and Jacksonian seizures), narcolepsy, or in response to a traumatic event. Automatic behavior can also be exhibited in REM sleep, during which a higher amount of brain stimulus increases dreaming patterns. In such circumstances, subjects can hold conversations, sit up, and even open their eyes. These acts are considered subconscious as most of the time the events cannot be recalled by the subject. Automatic behavior may also manifest while performing well-learned actions. In this case, the behavior becomes automatic because it does not require conscious monitoring. The seemingly purposeful task is performed with no clear memory of it happening

Aura is a medical term that refers to a peculiar sensation preceding the appearance of more definite symptoms. It is a perceptual disturbance experienced by some with epilepsy or migraine. An epileptic aura is a seizure. Aura is also defined as a sensation perceived by a patient that precedes a condition affecting the brain. It is a subjective sensation experienced at the onset of a neurological condition and especially a migraine or epileptic seizure

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The autonomic nervous system is a complex network of cells that controls the body’s internal state. It regulates and supports many different processes, often outside of a person’s conscious awareness. What is the autonomic nervous system? Anatomy Function What affects how it works? Disorders and causes Disorder symptoms Seeing a doctor Testing Summary The autonomic nervous system is a complex network of cells that controls the body’s internal state. It regulates and supports many different processes, often outside of a person’s conscious awareness. Anatomy The ANS helps to regulate many of the body’s internal functions, such as heart rate. The nervous system is a collection of cells that send and receive electrical and chemical signals throughout the body. The nervous system consists of two main parts: The central nervous system: This consists of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system: This contains all the neurons outside of the central nervous system. The ANS is part of the peripheral nervous system. It is a collection of neurons that influence the activity of many different organs, including the stomach, heart, and lungs. Within the ANS, there are two subsystems that have mostly opposing effects: The sympathetic nervous system (SNS): Neurons within the SNS generally prepare the body to react to something in its environment. For example, the SNS may increase heart rate to prepare a person to escape from danger. The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS): Parasympathetic neurons mostly regulate bodily functions when a person is at rest. Function The nervous system regulates the internal environment of the body. It is essential for maintaining homeostasis. Homeostasis refers to the relatively stable and balanced conditions inside the body that are necessary to support life. Some of those that homeostasis regulates include: body temperature blood pressure heart rate breathing metabolism blood glucose levels blood acidity levels water and electrolytes digestion The ANS receives information from the environment and other parts of the body and regulates the activity of the organs, accordingly. The ANS is also involved in the following bodily functions: producing bodily fluids, such as sweat urination sexual responses One critical function of the ANS is to prepare the body for action through the “fight or flight” response. If the body perceives a threat in the environment, the sympathetic neurons of the ANS react by: increasing heart rate widening the airways to make breathing easier releasing stored energy increasing strength in the muscles slowing digestion and other bodily processes that are less important for taking action These changes prepare the body to respond appropriately to a threat in the environment. The nervous system consists of two main parts: The central nervous system: This consists of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system: This contains all the neurons outside of the central nervous system. The ANS is part of the peripheral nervous system. It is a collection of neurons that influence the activity of many different organs, including the stomach, heart, and lungs. Within the ANS, there are two subsystems that have mostly opposing effects: The sympathetic nervous system (SNS): Neurons within the SNS generally prepare the body to react to something in its environment. For example, the SNS may increase heart rate to prepare a person to escape from danger. The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS): Parasympathetic neurons mostly regulate bodily functions when a person is at rest. Function The nervous system regulates the internal environment of the body. It is essential for maintaining homeostasis. Homeostasis refers to the relatively stable and balanced conditions inside the body that are necessary to support life. Some of those that homeostasis regulates include: body temperature blood pressure heart rate breathing metabolism blood glucose levels blood acidity levels water and electrolytes digestion The ANS receives information from the environment and other parts of the body and regulates the activity of the organs, accordingly. The ANS is also involved in the following bodily functions: producing bodily fluids, such as sweat urination sexual responses One critical function of the ANS is to prepare the body for action through the “fight or flight” response. If the body perceives a threat in the environment, the sympathetic neurons of the ANS react by: increasing heart rate widening the airways to make breathing easier releasing stored energy increasing strength in the muscles slowing digestion and other bodily processes that are less important for taking action These changes prepare the body to respond appropriately to a threat in the environment.

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Convulsions are rapid involuntary muscle contractions. They can be caused by several different conditions, including brain tumors, cardiac arrhythmia, eclampsia, hypoglycemia, rabies, sudden drop in blood pressure, tetanus, and uremia. If a person is experiencing convulsions, the first thing to do is ensure they are safe. Seizure symptoms may include temporary confusion, a staring spell, jerking movements of the arms and legs that can't be controlled, loss of consciousness or awareness, and cognitive or emotional changes. There are different types of seizures, including focal onset seizures, generalized onset seizures, and unknown onset seizures..